English pronunciations of 'ough'

created by Karla
(idea) by Karla (5.7 mon) (print)   (I like it!) 3 C!s Tue Jan 09 2001 at 21:30:08
Just in case you weren't sure what a ridiculous and complicated language English is, here are the six different pronounciations of the letter combination: ough.

'off' -- as in cough
'oo' -- as in through
'ow' -- as in bough
'uff' -- as in enough
'o' -- as in though
'aw' -- as in thought

Upon searching the net to double-check my submission, I found a site that claims the 'ough' sound in the word dough, is different than the sound in Scarborough. I can't hear the difference, but if I am wrong, please consider this the seventh pronounciation, and call me a moron.

The site also claims as an eighth sound 'up', as in the word hiccough. But I don't believe that to be linguisticly accurate. As I learned this, it was just the six sounds and no more. Again, if I'm wrong, please correct, and throw feces at me.

(idea) by Albert Herring (4 hr) (print)   (I like it!) Tue Jan 09 2001 at 21:58:21

You're not a moron, just speaking the wrong dialect. The British English pronunciation of borough and compounds using it like Scarborough in Yorkshire and Loughborough (roughly Luff'-bruh) have a schwa as their final syllable, quite distinct from the sound in dough, toe, sew, mow, Po ...


The definitive list (southern British English):

  1. Though - rhymes with so
  2. Through - homophone with threw
  3. Cough, Gough - rhyme with off
  4. Tough, enough - rhyme with buff
  5. Borough and its compounds, thorough - a short schwa
  6. Hiccough - rhymes with up. I'd normally use the spelling "hiccup", though.
  7. Bough - rhymes with cow (there exists also a surname pronounced as (3) above)
  8. Ought, nought, fought, bought - rhyme with caught, taut, court, sort
  9. Lough - homophone with loch
(idea) by /dev/joe (4.4 y) (print)   (I like it!) Tue Jan 09 2001 at 22:06:54
In at least some pronunciations of 'Scarborough' and like names, the 'ough' is simply a schwa sound (uh). (Scar-bur-uh)

My Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition lists this as the only pronunciation. But the online version at www.m-w.com has changed this to rhyme with dough.

A scan through other "ough" words on m-w.com reveals that this pronunciation is still there for Flamborough, Gainsborough, Poughkeepsie etc.

According to the pronunciation symbols used on www.m-w.com, the various pronunciations of ough (including some rarer ones) would be written:

  1. of - cough
  2. ü - through
  3. au - bough
  4. &f - enough
  5. O - though
  6. o - thought
  7. & - Flamborough
  8. &p - hiccough
  9. äk or äk - lough
  10. äf - Gough
  11. ä - nought, ought
Note: for many people, ä is pronounced the same as o, so the last two probably shouldn't be counted as separate sounds.
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