Foreword to the Foreword: This was originally written about a month after the events of September 11, 2001. The information contained within is consistant with that available at that time, and was the best the I could pull up. If you have more accurate information, or corrections of any kind, /msg me. I just put this up because there is a serious lack of biographical information on E2.
Foreword:Compiling a biography of the world's most elusive man proved most
taxing. Osama bin Laden (AKA Usamah bin Ladin AKA Ulsammah bin Mohammed bin
Laden to name a couple aliases) was born into the Arab world in a time when
record keeping was not of the importance it is now. It therefore is most
difficult to collect accurate, specific information on his upbringing. For
instance, there are no concrete documents giving the year of his birth, the
origin of his mother, or the number of siblings he has. Many in the Western
world are just now scrambling to account for Osama bin Laden's early life. At
this time, and perhaps for all time, only a silhouette of his formative years
may be derived.
Osama's adulthood and early activities are not much better lit for the
eye of the scholar. The growth of his fortune, his ties with the US in the early
1980s, and the formation of Al Qaeda are still shrouded in mystery.
Found in the following document is a checked (or at least corroborated)
narrative regarding the life of Osama bin Laden. The author has tried to divine
the truth from many sources through cross-checking and analysis. All seriously
questionable or unsubstantiated information was left out. This does not mean,
however, the contents of this document are infallible.
Life of Osama bin Laden
Osama
bin Laden is considered a savior by millions of disenchanted extremist
Muslims
in the
Middle and
Far East. He is also believed to be the most wicked man alive
by billions of those who live in his crosshairs. Bin Laden's religious zeal,
multi-million dollar fortune, and his warped genius make him an extremely
dangerous man to any and all who he can reach. Considering his network of
terrorist operatives in the
Philippines,
N. Korea,
Russia, the
European
Union,
Latin America and the
United States, Osama bin Laden is an extremely dangerous
man to almost all of Earth's 6.5 billion people.
Bin Laden claims to be the mastermind of terrorist
strikes on targets held by Israel, the United States, and several moderate
Islamic states. Unfortunately, due to the nature of his operations, it is hard
to bring forward concrete prove of his guilt. He is, however, a prime suspect in
the bombings of US embassies in Nairobi, the bombing of the USS Cole, and
assassination plans of the Pope and President Clinton (cnn.com). He is linked
with the terrorists who set up the Lockerby, Scotland plane explosion and the
1993 World Trade Center bombing. Most recently, and perhaps most unsettling, he
has claimed responsibility for the hijacking of four commercial airliners which
kamikaze bombed US landmarks on September 11, 2001. The two World Trade Center
towers were completely demolished when a hijacked plane hit each of the 110
story towers. The Pentagon, godhead of the United States military, was severely
damaged when another jet plane careened into it's side. The fourth plane,
which crashed in Somerset, Pennsylvania, was apparently headed toward the White
House. If the strikes on each of these targets were successful, (I.E. each
target utterly destroyed) The United States would be without it's military
guidance, financial infrastructure, and president. The man behind these attacks
could have crippled the strongest nation of earth.
Understanding bin Laden's background is key to
understanding his motivation. Although the Osama's history is at times
sketchy, a general picture of his upbringing can be derived. The chronicle of
Osama bin Laden's life begins with his father.
Mohammed Awad bin Laden came to Saudi Arabia from the
south of Yemen in 1930. From his humble beginnings, (sources give an account of
bin Laden's father as a porter) slowly he amassed great wealth as a
contractor. The bin Laden construction company became, and is to this day, one
of the largest and most prosperous contracting companies in the Arab world. The
Bin Laden Construction Group is worth an estimated $5 billion US. (ABC News
Int'l.)
The Bin Laden
Construction Group, as it is now most often called, has its' share of foggy
history; like most of the bin Laden family's activities. What is known,
however, is that the company began its successful climb into the business world
in the mid 1960s. Bin Laden renovated the palace of Saudi Arabia's then king Abdul
Aziz. The king was apparently very pleased with bin Laden's work and
granted the company exclusive entitlements to all Islam based construction work,
in both Medina and Mecca. Being that the Arab world is an intensely fervent
Islamic area, and the Medina and Mecca are two of the holiest cities in Islam,
this grant funneled exceptional wealth into the bin Laden family and company
("Frontline": pbs.org).
King Saud, the ruler of Saudi Arabia in the 1960's,
had bin Laden contracted to renovate all his palaces. With the extensive
renovation of palaces and holy sites in Medina and Mecca, the bin Laden family
gained access to, and eventually friendship with the Saudi royal family.
When King Saud left (in part due to Awad bin Laden's
advice) during the Saud-Faisal power struggle, the country's treasury was left
empty. In a show of wealth and friendliness to the new King Faisal, the bin
Laden Company paid the Saudi government's employees for 6 months. This
cemented the bin Laden family and corporation into the good favor of the Saudi
government, and the bin Laden family drew even more prestigious. The bin Laden
children went to the same schools as the royal family, as well as many other
aristocrats in the Arab world. Connections of this type would later help the bin
Laden's, especially Osama, to gain favors and tributes ("Frontline":
pbs.org).
The wealth gained by the company in renovation
contracts gave way to their expansion into the entire Arab world. The company
spread out into Africa and most Islamic nations; forming the bin Laden
"Group", as it is now known. One branch of the bin Laden group, operating in
Egypt, employs 40,000 people (msnbc.com/news).
Osama bin Laden was born in Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia in 1958, the son of Mohammed Awad bin Laden and a Syrian mother. He
is the 17th son of a house of over fifty children ("Frontline":
pbs.org). Osama, himself one of the many beneficiaries of his father's
construction cartel, grew up in an extremely wealthy household. This household
was also home to diligent observers of Islam. Osama's father was a man fervent
in practicing his Islamic faith, and this was heavily impressed on all of his
children. Awad bin Laden taught all his children to be confident and mature, and
he took care to ensure equal treatment of his many children ("Frontline":
pbs.org).
Awad bin Laden died in a plane crash in Texas, when
Osama was just 13 years old. Osama's original inheritance from Awad's death
was $80 million US, which he turned into an estimated $250 million US.
He married at 17 years old, and has since attained 3 additional wives and
fathered more than 10 children. Bin Laden graduated from the prestigious King
Abdul Aziz University, with a degree in civil engineering.
Aside from the family business and his children, he
found himself devoted to studying "Wahhabism" at King Abdul Aziz University
("Frontline": pbs.org). Wahhabism found its roots in the 1700s, with a Sunni
man named Mohammad bin Abd al Wahhab. Wahhab believed that since the death of
the Prophet Mohammed, all of Islam has been corrupted. Wahhabism rejects any
religious scholarship of the past thousand years, and advocates a return to
"true" Islam (www.lib.ecu.edu). The Wahhab sect dominates Saudi Arabia,
Osama bin Laden's homeland.
In Western eyes, the Arab world is generally divided
into 2 main categories: Moderates and extremists. The first category, the
"moderates", account for the majority of the Middle East. These are
countries that share non-violent relations with the United States and other
world powers. Members of this group include Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and most other
OPEC countries in the region. Most moderate nations find dealing with
the West a positive and tremendously lucrative experience.
The second category, the "extremists", are
more vital to the origins of bin Laden's motives. Wahhabism is closely related
to the extremist movement. The extremists are composed of those who have hostile
relations with the West, or harbor groups that do. Extremist countries are
numerous, and many have unstable regime governments. These nations include
Syria, Yemen, Iran, Egypt, Libya, Iraq, Jordan, Afghanistan, Palestine (though
not considered a nation), and others.
Osama bin Laden belongs to this second classification of
people. He and others in this class believe that the religion of Islam, the
dominant religion in the Middle East, cannot be practiced precisely with a
separation of church and state. According to their doctrine of Wahhabism, the
state should hold true to Islamic law and the Muslims that live in that country
are accountable to them.
Many extremist Muslims, as they are often referred to,
feel the United States is corrupting and imperializing the Arab world. Through
the United States' involvement in the oil industry, the funding of the
anti-Islamic Israel, and American social groups in the Arab world, the US has
influenced and shaped Islam. Extremists deem this as wrong. They want to
"cleanse" the westernized moderate Islamic nations and purge all western
involvement from the Arab world. This has been Osama bin Laden's creed and his
call of action to others (fatwah: The Islamic World Front for the struggle
against the Jews and the Crusaders).
Bin Laden, and his other associates in the Arab world,
are currently embroiled in what Muslims call "Jihad". Jihad is an old Arabic
term found in the Qu'ran, which means "Holy War". The Qu'ran advocates
killing only in the protection of Islam and it's people. A jihad may be called
to serve this purpose only. Since bin Laden, as well as many other extremist
factions, believe the US is corrupting Islamic values and countries; they have
called for a jihad. Extremist
Muslims are taking aim at the United States and their influenced counterparts in
the Middle East. The goal of this jihad is to "cleanse" the Arab world of
Western infidels, overthrow moderate states, and impose a "pure" and strict
Islamic rule. Accordingly, all terrorist attacks staged by bin Laden have been
aimed at the United States, or the US backed Israelis.
Osama bin Laden began his long career of waging jihad in 1979, when he
went on a trip into Afghanistan with some Islamic militia members (Frontline:
pbs.org). This trip happened to coincide with the Soviet Union's invasion of
Afghanistan, which would continue for a decade. The invasion of Afghanistan, an
extremely passionate Muslim nation, urged Osama into action. He returned to
Saudi Arabia, and enlisted the help of his brothers. Together they donated money
and supplies to the Afghan fighters. His support of the Afghanis in this manner
continued for three years; each year he went personally to take supplies to the
Afghani fighters.
Then in 1982, Osama himself began to personally fight against the Soviet
Union's attempt at expansion. He went into combat areas and fought along side
the Mujahedeen. As one story goes, he was using one of the bin Laden Company's
tractors to dig a trench, and was subsequently shot at by Soviet fighters (cnn.com).
He also went into unorganized fighting areas and helped coordinate strikes and
movements. This gave him combat experience, extensive knowledge of the Afghan
interior, and the admiration loyalty of Afghani nationalists. In 1995, Osama had
this to say about the Soviet-Afghani war:
"To counter these atheist Russians, the Saudis chose me as their
representative in Afghanistan... I did not fight against the communist threat
while forgetting the peril from the West."
"For us, the idea was not to get involved more than necessary in
the fight against the Russians, which was the business of the Americans, but
rather to show our solidarity with our Islamist brothers. I discovered that it
was not enough to fight in Afghanistan, but that we had to fight on all fronts
against communist or Western oppression. The urgent thing was communism, but the
next target was America... This is an open war up to the end, until
victory." (pbs.org)
Ironically, the Afghan also received aid from
the United States. The extent of bin Laden's affiliation with the US is
debated. Some report bin Laden and many upper level members of the Mujahedeen
were trained in Ireland by the CIA, in conjunction with Great Britain's MI6
spy agency (news.independent.co.uk). Although speculative, the claim has some
backing. The US, in its policy of Soviet containment, trained and funded many
freedom fighters all over the world, including those Cuba and Iran. What is
certain, however, is that in the final years of the Soviet-Afghani war, the CIA
sent billions of US dollars