Consider the
differences between powers of successive
natural numbers. Note that the
difference between two consecutive squares is always
odd. Here is my
picture of this
relationship:
0 - 0
- 1
1 - 1 - 2
- 3
2 - 4 - 2
- 5
3 - 9 - 2
- 7
4 - 16 - 2
- 9
5 - 25
Etc. But this sort of
pattern is not
limited to the
squares. Notice the "last common
difference" in the third powers of the integers:
0 - 0
- 1
1 - 1 - 6
- 7 - 6
2 - 8 - 12
- 19 - 6
3 - 27 - 18
- 37 - 6
4 - 64 - 24
- 61 - 6
5 - 125 - 30
- 91
6 - 216
If one
continues this
process for the fourth, fifth, etc. powers of numbers, the "last common difference" is the
factorial of the power in question.
Thus any
power of a
natural number is
expressible as a simple
sum. This process leads to the
question: What about the 1.5 power? For an answer, see the
gamma function, which is a close relative to the factorial.