Ion engines are extremely efficient
propulsors in a
vacuum (they have a high
Isp), and therefore useful for applications such as deep space probes,
satellite stationkeeping, and interplanetary travel in general! One reason they are efficient is that the
energy used is supplied to the engine in the form of
electricity. This means you can use
solar power or even
nuclear batteries to provide power, which is much more efficient in terms of mass and space than carrying
fuel. The only consumable you need to carry for thrust is the ion particle supply, usually
xenon or some other
inert gas. You can conserve fuel by using a more powerful
electric field in the engine; a particle tossed out the back twice as fast yields twice as much thrust for the same amount of particle supply.