The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Founded
1966 in
Oakland, by
Bobby Seale and
Huey Newton, as a counterweight to abuse by the
police in the local
ghetto. It soon expanded nationally, and their scope expanded
to providing services, such as medical care and schools, to several
inner-city communities. Eventually they were decimated by outside forces, most notably
FBI head
J. Edgar Hoover's
COINTELPRO operation. Some leaders left the
US, others were jailed; some were killed.