The condition of not being able to control a hand. The result is sometimes that the uncontrollable hand starts fighting with the other one. Apparently there are a few dozens of documented cases.
It is of course named after Dr. Strangelove in "Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb", where he uses one hand to try and stop the other one from making nazi salutes.

According to my film history prof, Dr. Strangelove's hand was actually supposed to be mechanical -- making Strangelove a form of half-man half-machine and reinforcing the out-of-control technology theme. (I'm guessing this information is from the Peter George novel on which the movie is based, since it is not apparent in the film.) Thus the resemblance to the "alien hand syndrome," an actual affliction that can be caused by a stroke or other brain injury causing damage to the nerve fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres (the corpus callosum), could be purely coincidental. Strangelove's character is sometimes said to be a blend of Henry Kissinger, Edward Teller, and Herman Kahn.

from classnotes; description of the "alien hand syndrome" taken off imdb.com

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