1) Krates of Thebes
Greek Cynic philosopher, a student and successor of Diogenes of Sinope. Born c. 365 BCE, died 285 BCE.
Krates, who lived in self-chosen
poverty as a wandering philosopher, used the
technique of
paraphrasing older
poets to make his points. As the
teacher of
Zeno, the founder of
Stoicism, Krates of Thebes provides a link between the
Cynics and the
Stoics.
2) Krates of Mallos
Greek philologist from Cilicia, attached to the new Library at Pergamon in the 2nd century BCE.
Krates' work is mostly known in quote form from commentary written in late antiquity. He advocated a model of allegorical interpretation. An example is his belief that the description of Achilles' shield (in the Iliad of Homer, 18:483ff) was a coded message about the true nature of the cosmos, ordered in 10 celestial spheres. In classical philology, Krates of Mallos is thus in stark contrast to Aristarchus.